New, Long Overdue Efforts to Reform Federal Commodity Checkoffs

By ALAN GUEBERT

It’s been years since this weekly effort has used any time, muscle or brain cells to write, or, frankly, even care about any of the 21 costly, largely ineffective, and virtually bulletproof federal commodity checkoff programs.

The reason is simple: In three decades of reporting on congressionally-chartered, federal checkoffs–oftentimes documenting illegal use of farmer and rancher money for lavish travel, spying on fellow farm groups, and funding outlawed political activities–rare is the checkoff, checkoff employee or checkoff farmer-director held accountable for any of the questionable activities or the checkoffs’ rock-bottom performances since the late-1980s.

In fact, the third column I ever wrote, way back in June 1993, outlined how an audit of the not-yet-completely-in-place federal soybean checkoff discovered “$405,219 of ‘questioned costs’ which the ASA”–its main contractor, the American Soybean Association–“had charged USB,” the newly-formed checkoff’s United Soybean Board.

And, I added, “... the sum could be larger” because the “… audit traced only 60% of USB’s money at ASA...”

Those two observations–disputed costs and incomplete audits–would become themes of many columns over the next 30 years. Another favorite was the clear failure of most checkoffs to boost consumer demand, the key selling point that every checkoff-pusher swore would raise farm prices.

For example, a May 1998 column revealed that the federal dairy checkoff had spent “about $2.5 billion” in dairy promotion money from 1987 to 1996, even as “US milk and dairy product consumption dropped a solid 4%.”

The column went on to outline how US cattle producers had “dumped $874 million into their beef checkoff” between 1986 and 1996 as American “per capita beef consumption dropped by 5.4 pounds and consumers cut beef expenditures by $8 billion.”

It also showed how the pork checkoff and its “The Other White Meat” campaign had spent $417 million in non-refundable checkoff cash to raise per capita pork consumption a tiny 0.4 pounds, from 45.6 pounds in 1986 to 46 pounds in 1997.

That rounding-error increase in pork consumption cost rural America more than checkoff millions, though. During that same decade, “60% of producers, or more than 200,000, left the pork industry.”

Given this early, awful performance of federally-chartered checkoffs, the following facts won’t come as breaking news: Over the subsequent 25 years, federal checkoffs–spending an estimated $900 million to $1 billion a year on generic commodity advertising–were even less effective.

For example, after an estimated $30 to $35 billion–that’s billion with a “b”– in collective ag commodity checkoff spending since 1987, American per capita consumption of fluid milk is one-half today what it was 40 years ago, beef has fallen from 73.7 pounds per year to 57.4 pounds, and pork remains flat, 48.8 pounds in 1987 and now only 50 pounds.

Meanwhile, US per capita consumption of chicken increased from 56.6 pounds in 1987 to an estimated 101.8 pounds in 2023, or nearly double over the same period.

And here’s the too-funny-to-be-funny part about the rise of the all-conquering chicken: it became “what’s for dinner” not by spending checkoff billions to tell Americans it was “the original white meat” or ask if they “got” chicken.

In fact, chicken didn’t put even one of its eggs in any costly, producer-funded checkoff basket because chicken doesn’t have a state or federal checkoff. Instead, it seized the American dinner plate by investing in quality and convenience while avoiding every checkoff fight.

Now a long-overdue, new checkoff reform effort is underway in Congress. It’s led by Utah Republican Mike Lee and Democrat (and vegan) Cory Booker of New Jersey, who say reform is needed because of the “unlawful use of checkoff program funds (that) benefit some agricultural producers while harming others.”

Most of the groups that have been deeply enriched by federal checkoffs–like the soybean gang, the National Pork Producers Council, the National Milk Producers Federation, and the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association–are fighting all reforms.

Why? Because commodity checkoffs are really about gravy, and this gravy train has been running for 35 years.

Alan Guebert is an agricultural journalist who was raised on an Illinois dairy farm and worked as a writer and senior editor at Professional Farmers of America and Successful Farming magazine and is now a contributing editor to Farm Journal magazine. Guebert and his daughter Mary Grace Foxwell co-wrote “The Land of Milk and Uncle Honey: Memories from the Farm of My Youth” [University of Illinois Press, 2015]. See past columns, supporting documents, and contact information at farmandfoodfile.com

From The Progressive Populist, October 1, 2023

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